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Microsoft Cluster Quorum Dynamic Disk Vs Basic

With Failover Clustering on Windows Server 2012 R2, we introduced the concept of Dynamic Witness and enhanced how we handle a tie breaker when the nodes are in a 50% split:

This tip will explain the function of a Dynamic Quorum in WSFC with some demos and an explanation. Dynamic Quorum is a feature introduced in WSFC built on Windows Server 2012 and is enabled by default. With Dynamic Quorum, cluster quorum majority is no longer fixed based on the initial cluster configuration. Cannot be a disk that is a Cluster Shared Volume (CSV) - Basic disk with a single volume - Does not need to have a drive letter. In Windows Server 2012, as an advanced quorum configuration option, you can choose to enable dynamic quorum management by cluster.

Dynamic vs basic disk performance

See:

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Cluster

Today, I would like to explain how we handle the scenario where you are left with one node and the witness as the only votes on your Windows Server 2012 R2 Cluster.

Let’s assume that we have a 4 Node cluster with dynamic quorum enabled.

To see the status of dynamic quorum and the witness’ dynamic weight, you can use this PowerShell command:

Microsoft Cluster Quorum Dynamic Disk Vs Basic

Now, let’s use PowerShell to look at the weights of the nodes:

Now, let’s take down the nodes one by one until we have just one of the nodes and the witness standing. I turned off Node 4, followed by Node 3, and finally Node 2:

Dynamic Disk Vista

The cluster will continue to remain functional thanks to dynamic quorum, assuming that all of the resources can run on the single node.

Let’s look at the node weights and dynamic witness weight now:

Let’s take this further and assume that for some reason, the witness also sees a failure and you see the event ID 1069 for the failure of the witness:

Microsoft Cluster Quorum Dynamic Disk Vs Basic

Log Name: System
Source: Microsoft-Windows-FailoverCluster
Date: Date
Event ID: 1069
Level: Error
User: AUTHORITYSYSTEM
Computer: servername
Description:
Cluster resource ‘Cluster Disk x’ in clustered service or application ‘Cluster Group’ failed.

Dynamic Vs Basic Disk Performance

We really do not expect that this would happen on a production cluster where nodes go offline until there is one left and the witness also suffers a failure. Unfortunately, in this scenario, the cluster will not continue running and the cluster service will terminate because we can no longer achieve quorum. We will not dynamically adjust the votes below three in a multi-node cluster with a witness, so that means we need two votes active to continue functioning.

Windows Cluster Quorum Disk

When you configure a cluster with a witness, we want to ensure that the cluster is able to recover from a partitioned scenario. The philosophy is that two replicas of the cluster configuration are better than one. If we adjusted the quorum weight after we suffered the loss of Node 2 in our scenario above (when we had two nodes and the witness), then your data would be subject to loss with a single failure. This is intentional, we are keeping two copies of the cluster configuration and now either copy can start the cluster back up. You have a much better chance of surviving and recovering from a loss.

Microsoft Cluster Quorum Dynamic Disk Vs Basic Software

That’s about the little secret to keep your cluster fully functional.

Until next time!

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Ram Malkani
Technical Advisor
Windows Core Team