Crc Cyclic Redundancy Check Advanced Rar Repair Crack

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A cyclic redundancy check (CRC) is an error-detecting code commonly used in digital networks and storage devices to detect accidental changes to raw data. Blocks of data entering these systems get a short check value attached, based on the remainder of a polynomial division of their contents. On retrieval, the calculation is repeated and, in the event the check values do not match, corrective action can be taken against data corruption. CRCs can be used for error correction (see bitfilters).^[1]

CRCs are so called because the check (data verification) value is a redundancy (it expands the message without adding information) and the algorithm is based on cyclic codes. CRCs are popular because they are simple to implement in binary hardware, easy to analyze mathematically, and particularly good at detecting common errors caused by noise in transmission channels. Because the check value has a fixed length, the function that generates it is occasionally used as a hash function.

The CRC was invented by W. Wesley Peterson in 1961; the 32-bit CRC function, used in Ethernet and many other standards, is the work of several researchers and was published in 1975.

6Mathematics
10Polynomial representations of cyclic redundancy checks

Introduction[edit]

CRCs are based on the theory of cyclicerror-correcting codes. The use of systematic cyclic codes, which encode messages by adding a fixed-length check value, for the purpose of error detection in communication networks, was first proposed by W. Wesley Peterson in 1961.^[2]Cyclic codes are not only simple to implement but have the benefit of being particularly well suited for the detection of burst errors: contiguous sequences of erroneous data symbols in messages. This is important because burst errors are common transmission errors in many communication channels, including magnetic and optical storage devices. Typically an n-bit CRC applied to a data block of arbitrary length will detect any single error burst not longer than n bits and the fraction of all longer error bursts that it will detect is (1 − 2⁻ⁿ).

Specification of a CRC code requires definition of a so-called generator polynomial. This polynomial becomes the divisor in a polynomial long division, which takes the message as the dividend and in which the quotient is discarded and the remainder becomes the result. The important caveat is that the polynomial coefficients are calculated according to the arithmetic of a finite field, so the addition operation can always be performed bitwise-parallel (there is no carry between digits).

In practice, all commonly used CRCs employ the Galois field of two elements, GF(2). The two elements are usually called 0 and 1, comfortably matching computer architecture.

A CRC is called an n-bit CRC when its check value is n bits long. For a given n, multiple CRCs are possible, each with a different polynomial. Such a polynomial has highest degree n, which means it has n + 1 terms. In other words, the polynomial has a length of n + 1; its encoding requires n + 1 bits. Note that most polynomial specifications either drop the MSB or LSB, since they are always 1. The CRC and associated polynomial typically have a name of the form CRC-n-XXX as in the table below.

The simplest error-detection system, the parity bit, is in fact a 1-bit CRC: it uses the generator polynomial x + 1 (two terms), and has the name CRC-1.

Application[edit]

A CRC-enabled device calculates a short, fixed-length binary sequence, known as the check value or CRC, for each block of data to be sent or stored and appends it to the data, forming a codeword.

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When a codeword is received or read, the device either compares its check value with one freshly calculated from the data block, or equivalently, performs a CRC on the whole codeword and compares the resulting check value with an expected residue constant.

If the CRC values do not match, then the block contains a data error.

The device may take corrective action, such as rereading the block or requesting that it be sent again. Otherwise, the data is assumed to be error-free (though, with some small probability, it may contain undetected errors; this is inherent in the nature of error-checking).^[3]

Data integrity[edit]

CRCs are specifically designed to protect against common types of errors on communication channels, where they can provide quick and reasonable assurance of the integrity of messages delivered. However, they are not suitable for protecting against intentional alteration of data.

Firstly, as there is no authentication, an attacker can edit a message and recompute the CRC without the substitution being detected. When stored alongside the data, CRCs and cryptographic hash functions by themselves do not protect against intentional modification of data. Any application that requires protection against such attacks must use cryptographic authentication mechanisms, such as message authentication codes or digital signatures (which are commonly based on cryptographic hash functions).

Secondly, unlike cryptographic hash functions, CRC is an easily reversible function, which makes it unsuitable for use in digital signatures.^[4]

Thirdly, CRC is a linear function with a property that^[5]

{displaystyle operatorname {crc} (xoplus yoplus z)=operatorname {crc} (x)oplus operatorname {crc} (y)oplus operatorname {crc} (z);}

as a result, even if the CRC is encrypted with a stream cipher that uses XOR as its combining operation (or mode of block cipher which effectively turns it into a stream cipher, such as OFB or CFB), both the message and the associated CRC can be manipulated without knowledge of the encryption key; this was one of the well-known design flaws of the Wired Equivalent Privacy (WEP) protocol.^[6]

CRC-32 algorithm[edit]

This is the algorithm for the CRC-32 variant of CRC.^[7] The CRCTable is a memoization of a calculation that would have to be repeated for each byte of the message.

Computation[edit]

To compute an n-bit binary CRC, line the bits representing the input in a row, and position the (n + 1)-bit pattern representing the CRC's divisor (called a 'polynomial') underneath the left-hand end of the row.

In this example, we shall encode 14 bits of message with a 3-bit CRC, with a polynomial x³ + x + 1. The polynomial is written in binary as the coefficients; a 3rd-degree polynomial has 4 coefficients (1x³ + 0x² + 1x + 1). In this case, the coefficients are 1, 0, 1 and 1. The result of the calculation is 3 bits long.

Start with the message to be encoded:

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This is first padded with zeros corresponding to the bit length n of the CRC. This is done so that the resulting code word is in systematic form. Here is the first calculation for computing a 3-bit CRC:

Crc Cyclic Redundancy Check Advanced Rar Repair Crack Windows 7

The algorithm acts on the bits directly above the divisor in each step. The result for that iteration is the bitwise XOR of the polynomial divisor with the bits above it. The bits not above the divisor are simply copied directly below for that step. The divisor is then shifted one bit to the right, and the process is repeated until the divisor reaches the right-hand end of the input row. Here is the entire calculation:

Since the leftmost divisor bit zeroed every input bit it touched, when this process ends the only bits in the input row that can be nonzero are the n bits at the right-hand end of the row. These n bits are the remainder of the division step, and will also be the value of the CRC function (unless the chosen CRC specification calls for some postprocessing).

The validity of a received message can easily be verified by performing the above calculation again, this time with the check value added instead of zeroes. The remainder should equal zero if there are no detectable errors.

The following Python code outlines a function which will return the initial CRC remainder for a chosen input and polynomial, with either 1 or 0 as the initial padding. Note that this code works with string inputs rather than raw numbers:

Mathematics[edit]

Mathematical analysis of this division-like process reveals how to select a divisor that guarantees good error-detection properties. In this analysis, the digits of the bit strings are taken as the coefficients of a polynomial in some variable x—coefficients that are elements of the finite field GF(2), instead of more familiar numbers. The set of binary polynomials is a mathematical ring.

Designing polynomials[edit]

The selection of the generator polynomial is the most important part of implementing the CRC algorithm. The polynomial must be chosen to maximize the error-detecting capabilities while minimizing overall collision probabilities.

The most important attribute of the polynomial is its length (largest degree(exponent) +1 of any one term in the polynomial), because of its direct influence on the length of the computed check value.

The most commonly used polynomial lengths are:

9 bits (CRC-8)
17 bits (CRC-16)
33 bits (CRC-32)
65 bits (CRC-64)

A CRC is called an n-bit CRC when its check value is n-bits. For a given n, multiple CRCs are possible, each with a different polynomial. Such a polynomial has highest degree n, and hence n + 1 terms (the polynomial has a length of n + 1). The remainder has length n. The CRC has a name of the form CRC-n-XXX.

The design of the CRC polynomial depends on the maximum total length of the block to be protected (data + CRC bits), the desired error protection features, and the type of resources for implementing the CRC, as well as the desired performance. A common misconception is that the 'best' CRC polynomials are derived from either irreducible polynomials or irreducible polynomials times the factor 1 + x, which adds to the code the ability to detect all errors affecting an odd number of bits.^[8] In reality, all the factors described above should enter into the selection of the polynomial and may lead to a reducible polynomial. However, choosing a reducible polynomial will result in a certain proportion of missed errors, due to the quotient ring having zero divisors.

The advantage of choosing a primitive polynomial as the generator for a CRC code is that the resulting code has maximal total block length in the sense that all 1-bit errors within that block length have different remainders (also called syndromes) and therefore, since the remainder is a linear function of the block, the code can detect all 2-bit errors within that block length. If ${displaystyle r}$ is the degree of the primitive generator polynomial, then the maximal total block length is ${displaystyle 2^{r}-1}$ , and the associated code is able to detect any single-bit or double-bit errors.^[9] We can improve this situation. If we use the generator polynomial ${displaystyle g(x)=p(x)(1+x)}$ , where ${displaystyle p(x)}$ is a primitive polynomial of degree ${displaystyle r-1}$ , then the maximal total block length is ${displaystyle 2^{r-1}-1}$ , and the code is able to detect single, double, triple and any odd number of errors.

A polynomial ${displaystyle g(x)}$ that admits other factorizations may be chosen then so as to balance the maximal total blocklength with a desired error detection power. The BCH codes are a powerful class of such polynomials. They subsume the two examples above. Regardless of the reducibility properties of a generator polynomial of degree r, if it includes the '+1' term, the code will be able to detect error patterns that are confined to a window of r contiguous bits. These patterns are called 'error bursts'.

Specification[edit]

Slide design ppt 2007. The concept of the CRC as an error-detecting code gets complicated when an implementer or standards committee uses it to design a practical system. Here are some of the complications:

Sometimes an implementation prefixes a fixed bit pattern to the bitstream to be checked. This is useful when clocking errors might insert 0-bits in front of a message, an alteration that would otherwise leave the check value unchanged.
Usually, but not always, an implementation appends n 0-bits (n being the size of the CRC) to the bitstream to be checked before the polynomial division occurs. Such appending is explicitly demonstrated in the Computation of CRC article. This has the convenience that the remainder of the original bitstream with the check value appended is exactly zero, so the CRC can be checked simply by performing the polynomial division on the received bitstream and comparing the remainder with zero. Due to the associative and commutative properties of the exclusive-or operation, practical table driven implementations can obtain a result numerically equivalent to zero-appending without explicitly appending any zeroes, by using an equivalent,^[8] faster algorithm that combines the message bitstream with the stream being shifted out of the CRC register.
Sometimes an implementation exclusive-ORs a fixed bit pattern into the remainder of the polynomial division.
Bit order: Some schemes view the low-order bit of each byte as 'first', which then during polynomial division means 'leftmost', which is contrary to our customary understanding of 'low-order'. This convention makes sense when serial-port transmissions are CRC-checked in hardware, because some widespread serial-port transmission conventions transmit bytes least-significant bit first.
Byte order: With multi-byte CRCs, there can be confusion over whether the byte transmitted first (or stored in the lowest-addressed byte of memory) is the least-significant byte (LSB) or the most-significant byte (MSB). For example, some 16-bit CRC schemes swap the bytes of the check value.
Omission of the high-order bit of the divisor polynomial: Since the high-order bit is always 1, and since an n-bit CRC must be defined by an (n + 1)-bit divisor which overflows an n-bit register, some writers assume that it is unnecessary to mention the divisor's high-order bit.
Omission of the low-order bit of the divisor polynomial: Since the low-order bit is always 1, authors such as Philip Koopman represent polynomials with their high-order bit intact, but without the low-order bit (the ${displaystyle x^{0}}$ or 1 term). This convention encodes the polynomial complete with its degree in one integer.

These complications mean that there are three common ways to express a polynomial as an integer: the first two, which are mirror images in binary, are the constants found in code; the third is the number found in Koopman's papers. In each case, one term is omitted. So the polynomial ${displaystyle x^{4}+x+1}$ may be transcribed as:

0x3 = 0b0011, representing ${displaystyle x^{4}+(0x^{3}+0x^{2}+1x^{1}+1x^{0})}$ (MSB-first code)
0xC = 0b1100, representing ${displaystyle (1x^{0}+1x^{1}+0x^{2}+0x^{3})+x^{4}}$ (LSB-first code)
0x9 = 0b1001, representing ${displaystyle (1x^{4}+0x^{3}+0x^{2}+1x^{1})+x^{0}}$ (Koopman notation)

In the table below they are shown as:

Examples of CRC representations
Name	Normal	Reversed	Reversed reciprocal
CRC-4	0x3	0xC	0x9

Obfuscation[edit]

CRCs in proprietary protocols might be obfuscated by using a non-trivial initial value and a final XOR, but these techniques do not add cryptographic strength to the algorithm and can be reverse engineered using straightforward methods.^[10]

Standards and common use[edit]

Numerous varieties of cyclic redundancy checks have been incorporated into technical standards. By no means does one algorithm, or one of each degree, suit every purpose; Koopman and Chakravarty recommend selecting a polynomial according to the application requirements and the expected distribution of message lengths.^[11] The number of distinct CRCs in use has confused developers, a situation which authors have sought to address.^[8] There are three polynomials reported for CRC-12,^[11] twenty-two conflicting definitions of CRC-16, and seven of CRC-32.^[12]

The polynomials commonly applied are not the most efficient ones possible. Since 1993, Koopman, Castagnoli and others have surveyed the space of polynomials between 3 and 64 bits in size,^[11]^[13]^[14]^[15] finding examples that have much better performance (in terms of Hamming distance for a given message size) than the polynomials of earlier protocols, and publishing the best of these with the aim of improving the error detection capacity of future standards.^[14] In particular, iSCSI and SCTP have adopted one of the findings of this research, the CRC-32C (Castagnoli) polynomial.

The design of the 32-bit polynomial most commonly used by standards bodies, CRC-32-IEEE, was the result of a joint effort for the Rome Laboratory and the Air Force Electronic Systems Division by Joseph Hammond, James Brown and Shyan-Shiang Liu of the Georgia Institute of Technology and Kenneth Brayer of the Mitre Corporation. The earliest known appearances of the 32-bit polynomial were in their 1975 publications: Technical Report 2956 by Brayer for Mitre, published in January and released for public dissemination through DTIC in August,^[16] and Hammond, Brown and Liu's report for the Rome Laboratory, published in May.^[17] Both reports contained contributions from the other team. During December 1975, Brayer and Hammond presented their work in a paper at the IEEE National Telecommunications Conference: the IEEE CRC-32 polynomial is the generating polynomial of a Hamming code and was selected for its error detection performance.^[18] Even so, the Castagnoli CRC-32C polynomial used in iSCSI or SCTP matches its performance on messages from 58 bits to 131 kbits, and outperforms it in several size ranges including the two most common sizes of Internet packet.^[14] The ITU-TG.hn standard also uses CRC-32C to detect errors in the payload (although it uses CRC-16-CCITT for PHY headers).

CRC32 computation is implemented in hardware as an operation of SSE4.2 instruction set, first introduced in Intel processors' Nehalem microarchitecture.

Polynomial representations of cyclic redundancy checks[edit]

The table below lists only the polynomials of the various algorithms in use. Variations of a particular protocol can impose pre-inversion, post-inversion and reversed bit ordering as described above. For example, the CRC32 used in Gzip and Bzip2 use the same polynomial, but Gzip employs reversed bit ordering, while Bzip2 does not.^[12]

Name	Uses	Polynomial representations				Parity^[19]	Primitive^[20]	Maximum bits of payload by Hamming distance^[21]^[14]^[20]
Name	Uses	Normal	Reversed	Reciprocal	Reversed reciprocal	Parity^[19]	Primitive^[20]	≥ 16	15	14	13	12	11	10	9	8	7	6	5	4	3	2^[22]
CRC-1	most hardware; also known as parity bit	0x1	0x1	0x1	0x1	even
CRC-1	most hardware; also known as parity bit	${displaystyle x+1}$				even
CRC-3-GSM	mobile networks^[23]	0x3	0x6	0x5	0x5	odd	yes ^[24]	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	4	∞
CRC-3-GSM	mobile networks^[23]	${displaystyle x^{3}+x+1}$				odd	yes ^[24]	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	4	∞
CRC-4-ITU	ITU-TG.704, p. 12	0x3	0xC	0x9	0x9	odd
CRC-4-ITU	ITU-TG.704, p. 12	${displaystyle x^{4}+x+1}$				odd
CRC-5-EPC	Gen 2 RFID^[25]	0x09	0x12	0x05	0x14	odd
CRC-5-EPC	Gen 2 RFID^[25]	${displaystyle x^{5}+x^{3}+1}$				odd
CRC-5-ITU	ITU-T G.704, p. 9	0x15	0x15	0x0B	0x1A	even
CRC-5-ITU	ITU-T G.704, p. 9	${displaystyle x^{5}+x^{4}+x^{2}+1}$				even
CRC-5-USB	USB token packets	0x05	0x14	0x09	0x12	odd
CRC-5-USB	USB token packets	${displaystyle x^{5}+x^{2}+1}$				odd
CRC-6-CDMA2000-A	mobile networks^[26]	0x27	0x39	0x33	0x33	odd
CRC-6-CDMA2000-B	mobile networks^[26]	0x07	0x38	0x31	0x23	even
CRC-6-DARC	Data Radio Channel^[27]	0x19	0x26	0x0D	0x2C	even
CRC-6-GSM	mobile networks^[23]	0x2F	0x3D	0x3B	0x37	even	yes ^[28]	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	1	1	25	25	∞
CRC-6-GSM	mobile networks^[23]	${displaystyle x^{6}+x^{5}+x^{3}+x^{2}+x+1}$				even	yes ^[28]	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	1	1	25	25	∞
CRC-6-ITU	ITU-T G.704, p. 3	0x03	0x30	0x21	0x21	odd
CRC-6-ITU	ITU-T G.704, p. 3	${displaystyle x^{6}+x+1}$				odd
CRC-7	telecom systems, ITU-T G.707, ITU-T G.832, MMC, SD	0x09	0x48	0x11	0x44	odd
CRC-7	telecom systems, ITU-T G.707, ITU-T G.832, MMC, SD	${displaystyle x^{7}+x^{3}+1}$				odd
CRC-7-MVB	Train Communication Network, IEC 60870-5^[29]	0x65	0x53	0x27	0x72	odd
CRC-8	DVB-S2^[30]	0xD5	0xAB	0x57	0xEA^[11]	even	no ^[31]	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	2	2	85	85	∞
CRC-8	DVB-S2^[30]	${displaystyle x^{8}+x^{7}+x^{6}+x^{4}+x^{2}+1}$				even	no ^[31]	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	2	2	85	85	∞
CRC-8-AUTOSAR	automotive integration,^[32]OpenSafety^[33]	0x2F	0xF4	0xE9	0x97^[11]	even	yes ^[31]	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	3	3	119	119	∞
CRC-8-AUTOSAR	automotive integration,^[32]OpenSafety^[33]	${displaystyle x^{8}+x^{5}+x^{3}+x^{2}+x+1}$				even	yes ^[31]	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	3	3	119	119	∞
CRC-8-Bluetooth	wireless connectivity^[34]	0xA7	0xE5	0xCB	0xD3	even
CRC-8-Bluetooth	wireless connectivity^[34]	${displaystyle x^{8}+x^{7}+x^{5}+x^{2}+x+1}$				even
CRC-8-CCITT	ITU-T I.432.1 (02/99); ATMHEC, ISDN HEC and cell delineation	0x07	0xE0	0xC1	0x83	even
CRC-8-CCITT		${displaystyle x^{8}+x^{2}+x+1}$				even
CRC-8-Dallas/Maxim	1-Wirebus^[35]	0x31	0x8C	0x19	0x98	even
CRC-8-Dallas/Maxim	1-Wirebus^[35]	${displaystyle x^{8}+x^{5}+x^{4}+1}$				even
CRC-8-DARC	Data Radio Channel^[27]	0x39	0x9C	0x39	0x9C	odd
CRC-8-DARC	Data Radio Channel^[27]	${displaystyle x^{8}+x^{5}+x^{4}+x^{3}+1}$				odd
CRC-8-GSM-B	mobile networks^[23]	0x49	0x92	0x25	0xA4	even
CRC-8-GSM-B	mobile networks^[23]	${displaystyle x^{8}+x^{6}+x^{3}+1}$				even
CRC-8-SAE J1850	AES3; OBD	0x1D	0xB8	0x71	0x8E	odd
CRC-8-SAE J1850	AES3; OBD	${displaystyle x^{8}+x^{4}+x^{3}+x^{2}+1}$				odd
CRC-8-WCDMA	mobile networks^[26]^[36]	0x9B	0xD9	0xB3	0xCD^[11]	even
CRC-8-WCDMA	mobile networks^[26]^[36]	${displaystyle x^{8}+x^{7}+x^{4}+x^{3}+x+1}$				even
CRC-10	ATM; ITU-T I.610	0x233	0x331	0x263	0x319	even
CRC-10	ATM; ITU-T I.610	${displaystyle x^{10}+x^{9}+x^{5}+x^{4}+x+1}$				even
CRC-10-CDMA2000	mobile networks^[26]	0x3D9	0x26F	0x0DF	0x3EC	even
CRC-10-GSM	mobile networks^[23]	0x175	0x2BA	0x175	0x2BA	odd
CRC-11	FlexRay^[37]	0x385	0x50E	0x21D	0x5C2	even
CRC-11	FlexRay^[37]	${displaystyle x^{11}+x^{9}+x^{8}+x^{7}+x^{2}+1}$				even
CRC-12	telecom systems^[38]^[39]	0x80F	0xF01	0xE03	0xC07^[11]	even
CRC-12	telecom systems^[38]^[39]	${displaystyle x^{12}+x^{11}+x^{3}+x^{2}+x+1}$				even
CRC-12-CDMA2000	mobile networks^[26]	0xF13	0xC8F	0x91F	0xF89	even
CRC-12-GSM	mobile networks^[23]	0xD31	0x8CB	0x197	0xE98	odd
CRC-13-BBC	Time signal, Radio teleswitch^[40]^[41]	0x1CF5	0x15E7	0x0BCF	0x1E7A	even
CRC-13-BBC	Time signal, Radio teleswitch^[40]^[41]	${displaystyle x^{13}+x^{12}+x^{11}+x^{10}+x^{7}+x^{6}+x^{5}+x^{4}+x^{2}+1}$				even
CRC-14-DARC	Data Radio Channel^[27]	0x0805	0x2804	0x1009	0x2402	even
CRC-14-GSM	mobile networks^[23]	0x202D	0x2D01	0x1A03	0x3016	even
CRC-15-CAN	0x4599^[42]^[43]	0x4CD1	0x19A3	0x62CC	even
CRC-15-CAN	${displaystyle x^{15}+x^{14}+x^{10}+x^{8}+x^{7}+x^{4}+x^{3}+1}$				even
CRC-15-MPT1327	^[44]	0x6815	0x540B	0x2817	0x740A	odd
CRC-16-Chakravarty	Optimal for payloads ≤64 bits^[29]	0x2F15	0xA8F4	0x51E9	0x978A	odd
CRC-16-ARINC	ACARS applications^[45]	0xA02B	0xD405	0xA80B	0xD015	odd
CRC-16-CCITT	X.25, V.41, HDLCFCS, XMODEM, Bluetooth, PACTOR, SD, DigRF, many others; known as CRC-CCITT	0x1021	0x8408	0x811	0x8810^[11]	even
CRC-16-CCITT		${displaystyle x^{16}+x^{12}+x^{5}+1}$				even
CRC-16-CDMA2000	mobile networks^[26]	0xC867	0xE613	0xCC27	0xE433	odd
CRC-16-DECT	cordless telephones^[46]	0x0589	0x91A0	0x2341	0x82C4	even
CRC-16-DECT	cordless telephones^[46]	${displaystyle x^{16}+x^{10}+x^{8}+x^{7}+x^{3}+1}$				even
CRC-16-T10-DIF	SCSI DIF	0x8BB7^[47]	0xEDD1	0xDBA3	0xC5DB	odd
CRC-16-T10-DIF	SCSI DIF	${displaystyle x^{16}+x^{15}+x^{11}+x^{9}+x^{8}+x^{7}+x^{5}+x^{4}+x^{2}+x+1}$				odd
CRC-16-DNP	DNP, IEC 870, M-Bus	0x3D65	0xA6BC	0x4D79	0x9EB2	even
CRC-16-DNP	DNP, IEC 870, M-Bus	${displaystyle x^{16}+x^{13}+x^{12}+x^{11}+x^{10}+x^{8}+x^{6}+x^{5}+x^{2}+1}$				even
CRC-16-IBM	Bisync, Modbus, USB, ANSIX3.28, SIA DC-07, many others; also known as CRC-16 and CRC-16-ANSI	0x8005	0xA001	0x4003	0xC002	even
CRC-16-IBM		${displaystyle x^{16}+x^{15}+x^{2}+1}$				even
CRC-16-OpenSafety-A	safety fieldbus^[33]	0x5935	0xAC9A	0x5935	0xAC9A^[11]	odd
CRC-16-OpenSafety-B	safety fieldbus^[33]	0x755B	0xDAAE	0xB55D	0xBAAD^[11]	odd
CRC-16-Profibus	fieldbus networks^[48]	0x1DCF	0xF3B8	0xE771	0x8EE7	odd
Fletcher-16	Used in Adler-32 A & B Checksums	Often confused to be a CRC, but actually a checksum; see Fletcher's checksum
CRC-17-CAN	CAN FD^[49]	0x1685B	0x1B42D	0x1685B	0x1B42D	even
CRC-21-CAN	CAN FD^[49]	0x102899	0x132281	0x064503	0x18144C	even
CRC-24	FlexRay^[37]	0x5D6DCB	0xD3B6BA	0xA76D75	0xAEB6E5	even
CRC-24	FlexRay^[37]	${displaystyle x^{24}+x^{22}+x^{20}+x^{19}+x^{18}+x^{16}+x^{14}+x^{13}+x^{11}+x^{10}+x^{8}+x^{7}+x^{6}+x^{3}+x+1}$				even
CRC-24-Radix-64	OpenPGP, RTCM104v3	0x864CFB	0xDF3261	0xBE64C3	0xC3267D	even
CRC-24-Radix-64	OpenPGP, RTCM104v3	${displaystyle x^{24}+x^{23}+x^{18}+x^{17}+x^{14}+x^{11}+x^{10}+x^{7}+x^{6}+x^{5}+x^{4}+x^{3}+x+1}$				even
CRC-24-WCDMA	Used in OS-9 RTOS. Residue = 0x800FE3.^[50]	0x800063	0xC60001	0x8C0003	0xC00031	even	yes^[51]	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	4	4	8388583	8388583	∞
CRC-24-WCDMA	Used in OS-9 RTOS. Residue = 0x800FE3.^[50]	${displaystyle x^{24}+x^{23}+x^{6}+x^{5}+x+1}$				even	yes^[51]	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	4	4	8388583	8388583	∞
CRC-30	CDMA	0x2030B9C7	0x38E74301	0x31CE8603	0x30185CE3	even
CRC-30	CDMA	${displaystyle x^{30}+x^{29}+x^{21}+x^{20}+x^{15}+x^{13}+x^{12}+x^{11}+x^{8}+x^{7}+x^{6}+x^{2}+x+1}$				even
CRC-32	ISO 3309 (HDLC), ANSI X3.66 (ADCCP), FIPS PUB 71, FED-STD-1003, ITU-T V.42, ISO/IEC/IEEE 802-3 (Ethernet), SATA, MPEG-2, PKZIP, Gzip, Bzip2, POSIXcksum,^[52]PNG,^[53]ZMODEM, many others	0x04C11DB7	0xEDB88320	0xDB710641	0x82608EDB^[14]	odd	yes	–	10	–	–	12	21	34	57	91	171	268	2974	91607	4294967263	∞
CRC-32		${displaystyle x^{32}+x^{26}+x^{23}+x^{22}+x^{16}+x^{12}+x^{11}+x^{10}+x^{8}+x^{7}+x^{5}+x^{4}+x^{2}+x+1}$				odd	yes	–	10	–	–	12	21	34	57	91	171	268	2974	91607	4294967263	∞
CRC-32C (Castagnoli)	iSCSI, SCTP, G.hn payload, SSE4.2, Btrfs, ext4, Ceph	0x1EDC6F41	0x82F63B78	0x05EC76F1	0x8F6E37A0^[14]	even	yes	6	–	8	–	20	–	47	–	177	–	5243	–	2147483615	–	∞
CRC-32C (Castagnoli)	iSCSI, SCTP, G.hn payload, SSE4.2, Btrfs, ext4, Ceph	${displaystyle x^{32}+x^{28}+x^{27}+x^{26}+x^{25}+x^{23}+x^{22}+x^{20}+x^{19}+x^{18}+x^{14}+x^{13}+x^{11}+x^{10}+x^{9}+x^{8}+x^{6}+1}$				even	yes	6	–	8	–	20	–	47	–	177	–	5243	–	2147483615	–	∞
CRC-32K (Koopman {1,3,28})	Excellent at Ethernet frame length, poor performance with long files	0x741B8CD7	0xEB31D82E	0xD663B05D	0xBA0DC66B^[14]	even	no	2	–	4	–	16	–	18	–	152	–	16360	–	114663	–	∞
CRC-32K (Koopman {1,3,28})		${displaystyle x^{32}+x^{30}+x^{29}+x^{28}+x^{26}+x^{20}+x^{19}+x^{17}+x^{16}+x^{15}+x^{11}+x^{10}+x^{7}+x^{6}+x^{4}+x^{2}+x+1}$				even	no	2	–	4	–	16	–	18	–	152	–	16360	–	114663	–	∞
CRC-32K₂ (Koopman {1,1,30})	Excellent at Ethernet frame length, poor performance with long files	0x32583499	0x992C1A4C	0x32583499	0x992C1A4C^[14]	even	no	–	–	3	–	16	–	26	–	134	–	32738	–	65506	–	∞
CRC-32Q	aviation; AIXM^[54]	0x814141AB	0xD5828281	0xAB050503	0xC0A0A0D5	even
CRC-32Q	aviation; AIXM^[54]	${displaystyle x^{32}+x^{31}+x^{24}+x^{22}+x^{16}+x^{14}+x^{8}+x^{7}+x^{5}+x^{3}+x+1}$				even
Adler-32	Often confused to be a CRC, but actually a checksum; see Adler-32
CRC-40-GSM	GSM control channel^[55]^[56]^[57]	0x0004820009	0x9000412000	0x2000824001	0x8002410004	even
CRC-40-GSM	GSM control channel^[55]^[56]^[57]	${displaystyle x^{40}+x^{26}+x^{23}+x^{17}+x^{3}+1=(x^{23}+1)(x^{17}+x^{3}+1)}$				even
CRC-64-ECMA	ECMA-182 p. 51, XZ Utils	0x42F0E1EBA9EA3693	0xC96C5795D7870F42	0x92D8AF2BAF0E1E85	0xA17870F5D4F51B49	even
CRC-64-ECMA	ECMA-182 p. 51, XZ Utils	${displaystyle x^{64}+x^{62}+x^{57}+x^{55}+x^{54}+x^{53}+x^{52}+x^{47}+x^{46}+x^{45}+x^{40}+x^{39}+x^{38}+x^{37}+x^{35}+x^{33}+}$ ${displaystyle x^{32}+x^{31}+x^{29}+x^{27}+x^{24}+x^{23}+x^{22}+x^{21}+x^{19}+x^{17}+x^{13}+x^{12}+x^{10}+x^{9}+x^{7}+x^{4}+x+1}$				even
CRC-64-ISO	ISO 3309 (HDLC), Swiss-Prot/TrEMBL; considered weak for hashing^[58]	0x000000000000001B	0xD800000000000000	0xB000000000000001	0x800000000000000D	odd
CRC-64-ISO		${displaystyle x^{64}+x^{4}+x^{3}+x+1}$				odd

Implementations[edit]

Implementation of CRC32 in Gnuradio;

CRC catalogues[edit]

References[edit]

^'An Algorithm for Error Correcting Cyclic Redundance Checks'. drdobbs.com. Archived from the original on 20 July 2017. Retrieved 28 June 2017.
^Peterson, W. W.; Brown, D. T. (January 1961). 'Cyclic Codes for Error Detection'. Proceedings of the IRE. 49 (1): 228–235. doi:10.1109/JRPROC.1961.287814.
^Ritter, Terry (February 1986). 'The Great CRC Mystery'. Dr. Dobb's Journal. 11 (2): 26–34, 76–83. Retrieved 21 May 2009.
^Stigge, Martin; Plötz, Henryk; Müller, Wolf; Redlich, Jens-Peter (May 2006). 'Reversing CRC – Theory and Practice'(PDF). Berlin: Humboldt University Berlin: 17. Archived from the original(PDF) on 19 July 2011. Retrieved 4 February 2011. The presented methods offer a very easy and efficient way to modify your data so that it will compute to a CRC you want or at least know in advance.
^'algorithm design - Why is CRC said to be linear?'. Cryptography Stack Exchange. Retrieved 5 May 2019.
^Cam-Winget, Nancy; Housley, Russ; Wagner, David; Walker, Jesse (May 2003). 'Security Flaws in 802.11 Data Link Protocols'(PDF). Communications of the ACM. 46 (5): 35–39. CiteSeerX10.1.1.14.8775. doi:10.1145/769800.769823.
^'[MS-ABS]: 32-Bit CRC Algorithm'. msdn.microsoft.com.
^ ^a^b^cWilliams, Ross N. (24 September 1996). 'A Painless Guide to CRC Error Detection Algorithms V3.0'. Archived from the original on 2 April 2018. Retrieved 23 May 2019.
^Press, WH; Teukolsky, SA; Vetterling, WT; Flannery, BP (2007). 'Section 22.4 Cyclic Redundancy and Other Checksums'. Numerical Recipes: The Art of Scientific Computing (3rd ed.). New York: Cambridge University Press. ISBN978-0-521-88068-8.
^Ewing, Gregory C. (March 2010). 'Reverse-Engineering a CRC Algorithm'. Christchurch: University of Canterbury. Retrieved 26 July 2011.
^ ^a^b^c^d^e^f^g^hⁱ^jKoopman, Philip; Chakravarty, Tridib (June 2004). Cyclic Redundancy Code (CRC) Polynomial Selection For Embedded Networks(PDF). The International Conference on Dependable Systems and Networks. pp. 145–154. CiteSeerX10.1.1.648.9080. doi:10.1109/DSN.2004.1311885. ISBN978-0-7695-2052-0. Retrieved 14 January 2011.
^ ^a^bCook, Greg (6 May 2019). 'Catalogue of parametrised CRC algorithms'. Retrieved 23 May 2019.
^Castagnoli, G.; Bräuer, S.; Herrmann, M. (June 1993). 'Optimization of Cyclic Redundancy-Check Codes with 24 and 32 Parity Bits'. IEEE Transactions on Communications. 41 (6): 883–892. doi:10.1109/26.231911.
^ ^a^b^c^d^e^f^g^hKoopman, Philip (July 2002). 32-Bit Cyclic Redundancy Codes for Internet Applications(PDF). The International Conference on Dependable Systems and Networks. pp. 459–468. CiteSeerX10.1.1.11.8323. doi:10.1109/DSN.2002.1028931. ISBN978-0-7695-1597-7. Retrieved 14 January 2011.
^Koopman, Philip (21 January 2016). 'Best CRC Polynomials'. Pittsburgh: Carnegie Mellon University. Retrieved 26 January 2016.
^Brayer, Kenneth (August 1975). 'Evaluation of 32 Degree Polynomials in Error Detection on the SATIN IV Autovon Error Patterns'. National Technical Information Service: 74. Retrieved 3 February 2011.^{[permanent dead link]}
^Hammond, Joseph L., Jr.; Brown, James E.; Liu, Shyan-Shiang (1975). 'Development of a Transmission Error Model and an Error Control Model'(PDF). NASA Sti/recon Technical Report N (published May 1975). 76: 74. Bibcode:1975STIN..7615344H. Retrieved 7 July 2012.
^Brayer, Kenneth; Hammond, Joseph L., Jr. (December 1975). 'Evaluation of error detection polynomial performance on the AUTOVON channel'. Conference Record. IEEE National Telecommunications Conference, New Orleans, La. 1. New York: Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers. pp. 8–21 to 8–25. Bibcode:1975ntc...1..8B.
^CRCs with even parity detect any odd number of bit errors, at the expense of lower hamming distance for long payloads. Note that parity is computed over the entire generator polynomial, including implied 1 at the beginning or the end. For example, the full representation of CRC-1 is 0x3, which has two 1 bits. Thus, its parity is even.
^ ^a^b'32 Bit CRC Zoo'. users.ece.cmu.edu.
^Payload means length exclusive of CRC field. A Hamming distance of d means that d − 1 bit errors can be detected and ⌊(d − 1)/2⌋ bit errors can be corrected
^is always achieved for arbitrarily long messages
^ ^a^b^c^d^e^fETSI TS 100 909(PDF). V8.9.0. Sophia Antipolis, France: European Telecommunications Standards Institute. January 2005. Retrieved 21 October 2016.
^'3 Bit CRC Zoo'. users.ece.cmu.edu.
^Class-1 Generation-2 UHF RFID Protocol(PDF). 1.2.0. EPCglobal. 23 October 2008. p. 35. Retrieved 4 July 2012. (Table 6.12)
^ ^a^b^c^d^e^fPhysical layer standard for cdma2000 spread spectrum systems(PDF). Revision D version 2.0. 3rd Generation Partnership Project 2. October 2005. pp. 2–89–2–92. Archived from the original(PDF) on 16 November 2013. Retrieved 14 October 2013.
^ ^a^b^c'11. Error correction strategy'. ETSI EN 300 751(PDF). V1.2.1. Sophia Antipolis, France: European Telecommunications Standards Institute. January 2003. pp. 67–8. Retrieved 26 January 2016.
^'6 Bit CRC Zoo'. users.ece.cmu.edu.
^ ^a^bChakravarty, Tridib (December 2001). Performance of Cyclic Redundancy Codes for Embedded Networks(PDF) (Thesis). Philip Koopman, advisor. Pittsburgh: Carnegie Mellon University. pp. 5, 18. Retrieved 8 July 2013.
^'5.1.4 CRC-8 encoder (for packetized streams only)'. EN 302 307(PDF). V1.3.1. Sophia Antipolis, France: European Telecommunications Standards Institute. March 2013. p. 17. Retrieved 29 July 2016.
^ ^a^b'8 Bit CRC Zoo'. users.ece.cmu.edu.
^'7.2.1.2 8-bit 0x2F polynomial CRC Calculation'. Specification of CRC Routines(PDF). 4.2.2. Munich: AUTOSAR. 22 July 2015. p. 24. Archived from the original(PDF) on 24 July 2016. Retrieved 24 July 2016.
^ ^a^b^c'5.1.1.8 Cyclic Redundancy Check field (CRC-8 / CRC-16)'. openSAFETY Safety Profile Specification: EPSG Working Draft Proposal 304. 1.4.0. Berlin: Ethernet POWERLINK Standardisation Group. 13 March 2013. p. 42. Archived from the original on 12 August 2017. Retrieved 22 July 2016.
^'B.7.1.1 HEC generation'. Specification of the Bluetooth System. 2. Bluetooth SIG. 2 December 2014. pp. 144–5. Retrieved 20 October 2014.
^Harry Whitfield (24 April 2001). 'XFCNs for Cyclic Redundancy Check Calculations'. Archived from the original on 25 May 2005.
^Richardson, Andrew (17 March 2005). WCDMA Handbook. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press. p. 223. ISBN978-0-521-82815-4.
^ ^a^bFlexRay Protocol Specification. 3.0.1. Flexray Consortium. October 2010. p. 114. (4.2.8 Header CRC (11 bits))
^Perez, A. (1983). 'Byte-Wise CRC Calculations'. IEEE Micro. 3 (3): 40–50. doi:10.1109/MM.1983.291120.
^Ramabadran, T.V.; Gaitonde, S.S. (1988). 'A tutorial on CRC computations'. IEEE Micro. 8 (4): 62–75. doi:10.1109/40.7773.
^http://www.freescale.com/files/microcontrollers/doc/app_note/AN1597.pdf
^Ely, S.R.; Wright, D.T. (March 1982). L.F. Radio-Data: specification of BBC experimental transmissions 1982(PDF). Research Department, Engineering Division, The British Broadcasting Corporation. p. 9. Retrieved 11 October 2013.
^Cyclic Redundancy Check (CRC): PSoC Creator™ Component Datasheet. Cypress Semiconductor. 20 February 2013. p. 4. Retrieved 26 January 2016.
^'Cyclic redundancy check (CRC) in CAN frames'. CAN in Automation. Retrieved 26 January 2016.
^'3.2.3 Encoding and error checking'. A signalling standard for trunked private land mobile radio systems (MPT 1327)(PDF) (3rd ed.). Ofcom. June 1997. p. 3. Retrieved 16 July 2012.
^Rehmann, Albert; Mestre, José D. (February 1995). 'Air Ground Data Link VHF Airline Communications and Reporting System (ACARS) Preliminary Test Report'(PDF). Federal Aviation Authority Technical Center: 5. Retrieved 7 July 2012.
^'6.2.5 Error control'. ETSI EN 300 175-3(PDF). V2.5.1. Sophia Antipolis, France: European Telecommunications Standards Institute. August 2013. pp. 99, 101. Retrieved 26 January 2016.
^Thaler, Pat (28 August 2003). '16-bit CRC polynomial selection'(PDF). INCITS T10. Retrieved 11 August 2009.
^'8.8.4 Check Octet (FCS)'. PROFIBUS Specification Normative Parts(PDF). 1.0. 9. Profibus International. March 1998. p. 906. Archived from the original(PDF) on 16 November 2008. Retrieved 9 July 2016.
^ ^a^bCAN with Flexible> (3.2.1 DATA FRAME)
^'OS-9 Operating System System Programmer's Manual'. www.roug.org.
^Philip P. Koopman (20 May 2018). '24 Bit CRC Zoo'. users.ece.cmu.edu.
^'cksum'. pubs.opengroup.org.
^Boutell, Thomas; Randers-Pehrson, Glenn; et al. (14 July 1998). 'PNG (Portable Network Graphics) Specification, Version 1.2'. Libpng.org. Retrieved 3 February 2011.
^AIXM Primer(PDF). 4.5. European Organisation for the Safety of Air Navigation. 20 March 2006. Retrieved 3 February 2019.
^ETSI TS 100 909 version 8.9.0 (January 2005), Section 4.1.2 a
^Gammel, Berndt M. (31 October 2005). Matpack documentation: Crypto – Codes. Matpack.de. Retrieved 21 April 2013. (Note: MpCRC.html is included with the Matpack compressed software source code, under /html/LibDoc/Crypto)
^Geremia, Patrick (April 1999). 'Cyclic redundancy check computation: an implementation using the TMS320C54x'(PDF) (SPRA530). Texas Instruments: 5. Retrieved 4 July 2012.
^Jones, David T. 'An Improved 64-bit Cyclic Redundancy Check for Protein Sequences'(PDF). University College London. Retrieved 15 December 2009.

External links[edit]

Mitra, Jubin; Nayak, Tapan (January 2017). 'Reconfigurable very high throughput low latency VLSI (FPGA) design architecture of CRC 32'. Integration, the VLSI Journal. 56: 1–14. doi:10.1016/j.vlsi.2016.09.005.
Cyclic Redundancy Checks, MathPages, overview of error-detection of different polynomials
Williams, Ross (1993). 'A Painless Guide to CRC Error Detection Algorithms'. Archived from the original on 3 September 2011. Retrieved 15 August 2011.
Black, Richard (1994). 'Fast CRC32 in Software'. The Blue Book. Systems Research Group, Computer Laboratory, University of Cambridge. Algorithm 4 was used in Linux and Bzip2.
Kounavis, M.; Berry, F. (2005). 'A Systematic Approach to Building High Performance, Software-based, CRC generators'(PDF). Intel., Slicing-by-4 and slicing-by-8 algorithms
Kowalk, W. (August 2006). 'CRC Cyclic Redundancy Check Analysing and Correcting Errors'(PDF). Universität Oldenburg. — Bitfilters
Warren, Henry S., Jr. 'Cyclic Redundancy Check'(PDF). Hacker's Delight. Archived from the original(PDF) on 3 May 2015. — theory, practice, hardware, and software with emphasis on CRC-32.
Cook, Greg. 'Catalogue of parameterised CRC algorithms'. CRC RevEng.
Koopman, Phil. 'Blog: Checksum and CRC Central'. — includes links to PDFs giving 16 and 32-bit CRC Hamming distances
Koopman, Philip; Driscoll, Kevin; Hall, Brendan (March 2015). 'Cyclic Redundancy Code and Checksum Algorithms to Ensure Critical Data Integrity'(PDF). Federal Aviation Administration. DOT/FAA/TC-14/49.

Retrieved from 'https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Cyclic_redundancy_check&oldid=913290302'

Comments

edited August 2009
Hiya Simmers,
I'm sorry that a large amount of you are experiencing problems with your games, i am one of them - since 5th June 2009, when the sims 3 came out in Great Britain. I have been battling with my PC to get it to install the game:
'CRC error: The file C:Program FilesElectronic ArtsThe Sims 3GameDataSharedPackagesFullBuild1.package doesn't match the file in the setup's .cab file. The medium from which you are running the set up may be corrupted; contact your software vendor'
This is what i'm experiencing, and to be honest, it's really irritating.however i sent it back to EA using the 90 day guarantee, as i was told that the disc could possibly be faulty, feeling hopeful of this, i sent it back to EA, and i recieved it back a couple days ago, i was sooo pleased, that they'd sent it back in the matter of the week, and were also polite about it. However, tried to install it, and it only did '1 BLOCK!!!' i was so upset it gave me the error message of 'Cyclic Redundancy Check' and that was it, then i told my mum who took me to her friends house, whose quite good with PCs, it had about 6/7 blocks left and then it said:
'CRC error: The file C:Program FilesElectronic ArtsThe Sims 3GameDataSharedPackagesFullBuild1.package doesn't match the file in the setup's .cab file. The medium from which you are running the set up may be corrupted; contact your software vendor'
I cleaned up the system, and disk Defragmenter, and disk cleanup. And it didn't work, i just don't know that to do - i'm completely stuck, my laptop can cope very well with the game, but i'm questioning now whether or not it is my laptop as i exchanged the game with EA but it still isn't working.
:!:
edited August 2009
I finally resolved my CRC error.
First, I had to uninstall the game manually using Sim Big Guy's instructions. This was because the 1.3 patch caused the entire game to fail. I could not install or uninstall. So manual uninstall I did.
Next came the CRC error upon installation. I have another computer with less power, so I tried installing on that one. It installed without problems. So. it is either the DVD drive itself or the DVD.
As simple as this sounds, I went and bought a DVD or CD cleaner. I cleaned the DVD using the instructions that included not to go around in circles but to rub with the cleaner and special cloth against the groves from inner to outer. I had to clean both sides.
I was then able to install Sims 3 again. Why could I install on one computer before cleaning it?. no idea. Dell wanted to sell me a new drive and I decided that I would just wait until Christmas if I had to and buy a new computer. I probably will still do that but from what some Techie friends tell me, a CRC error is either your DVD drive or a DVD problem.
I notice that this subject is not being addressed by the EA tech support. Most of this thread is user helping user.
edited August 2009
I also went through the same thing as reported here with the CRC error. After spending 12 hours trying to install and then trying a repleacment disc, then read the tips here and trying, found nothing worked. I bought a new DVD drive and had no problems since. Expensive game this turned out to be!
edited August 2009
I too have the problem upon re-installing. My disc gets to packages and says 'FullBuild2: Data error' cyclic redundancy. So now, I can't even copy @ paste a new folder to my desktop! This whole thing is rediculous! What in the world was WRONG with that first patch? There must be thousands of us out here with the SAME problem. EA you need to go back and go thru that patch with a fine toothcomb and find out what was in it that has caused so much problem.
edited August 2009
Just want to add in case EA thinks I have a 'loser' PC.
I own every single Sims 2 expansion and stuff pack and also the Life stories games- all 3 of them and no problem.
Why would I think my DVD player not compatible with Sims 3 when all these other games work- oh yes and Spore and Cute and Creepy work fine with my DVD too.
Just not the Sims 3- an explanation why this is so would be nice?
edited August 2009
What if you had your harddrive replaced. Is this some kind of security so you dont have multiple installations of the same game.
edited August 2009
Man this error plum! I have tried installing twice. I am getting the sunset valley cache error, so maybe I thought it was because it clashed with my previous installment that I saved in an external when my laptop crashed. Now that I have cleaned the slate it still wont work. **** game cd's :evil: Oh by the way, Autumn, where did you get the hairstyle from? I want that!
edited August 2009
Here is my tale of woe.
bought the game on release day, popped it into my PC and it installed and worked first time, smug was I!
PC was: E8400 Core 2 Duo CPU, 4GB RAM, 7950GT graphics card, Windows XP SP3, 200 SATA hard disk
cut to today, I bought a new graphics card (GTX260) which requires Vista to run in DX10 mode. I reinstall my PC with Vista Business SP2 (same spec as above SAME DVD drive that worked previously), install all my usual software (same as I had on XP), FarCry from DVD and L4D. Now I try to install Sims3 and get this CRC error on sunset valley.objectcache
Here's what I tried to resolve it:
1. clean the disc
1a. remove Roxio and all traces of it
2. try in another machine
3. try in a 3rd machine (all machines so far have CRC error)
3a. look for firmware update for my DVD (even though i'm sure the disc is faulty)
4. try mounting DVD in an XP virtual machine (same error)
5. chkdsk /r on my C: to check for bad sectors
6. copy entire DVD to C: (fails on the same file)
7. try step 6 on all 3 machines used so far (same error).
8. try to ring EA Techs and find out they're not open on weekends
9. contemplate having a little cry (I'm a 28 year old MAN!)
10. get angry and walk the dog
11. take DVD to the kitchen and clean liberally with some Jack Daniels rubbing with a very soft cloth and blotting dry with kitchen roll
12. put disc back into original PC and it bloody works! (I told my wife whisky fixes everything!)
13. taking an image of the working disc with iso recorder for the future (http://isorecorder.alexfeinman.com/isorecorder.htm)
I hope this tale is of some help to others on the forum, EA just seem incapable of making decent discs. When I had SIMS 2 EVERY SINGLE DISC cracked at the centre and was unusable.
Please EA let's have some better QC with regards to the discs your produce!? We love your games otherwise we wouldn't spend so long trying to make them work, but please throw us a frickin bone?
0
edited August 2009
Okay, well I was getting pretty upset with my game, as it wouldn't install. So I started reading around. I didn't bother doing anything anyone said as I had recently read a post saying to clean the disk. So I did. And it worked. I had the C:/../Electronic Arts/The Sims 3/Caches/Sunset Valley.objectCache error message. Try cleaning your disc before you try anything else. It worked for me.
edited August 2009
0
edited August 2009
This is absolutely rubbish, i've done everything EA have told me to. They told me my computer isnt meeting the minimum requirements.. erm yes it is thank you, its brand new. And it is loads better than my laptop but it still won't run. I just don't know what to do, i'm completely stuck and nobody seems to be doing anything about it other than 'troubleshooting tips' that i have already tried before. Something needs to be done .
edited September 2009
I had the same issue.
Then I saw everyone going 'then I put the disk in my DVD-ROM' and I was like, wow, I've been using my CD-ROM. So I put it in the DVD-ROM and so far its like 90% isntalled with 0 errors. It even passed fFullbuild1.package.
It just passed fullbuild2.package and now is uploading files like a madman, - Horray!
edited September 2009
okay so, im running my defragment so, hopefully this will work but yeah it always has an error at the full build one thing so idk
it still stopped at full build 1
!!!! its driving me insane i mean seriously.
ohehmgee i cleaned it and it worked
0
edited September 2009
OK I AM FIXED!
I dug and dug and found this - it worked for me
Reinstall the installation InstallShield software.
1.Click the Start button on the Windows Taskbar.
2.Select Run.
3.Type C:Program FilesCommon Files into the text box and click OK.
4.Right-click the InstallShield folder, and select Rename.
5.Change the name to InstallShieldOld.
6.Start the game installation again to reinstall the InstallShield components with the newest version.
FLAWLESS, Speedy install.
Again, this is what worked for ME - I hope it helps some others..

After having my suddenly corrupt hard drive replaced in my laptop which played the game perfectly fine before, I was suddenly having this CRC problem.
Well, I want to let you know this has (so far ) worked for me! Don't forget to try EVERYTHING before giving up on your game.
edited October 2009
I was getting the same error message as everyone else. I first thought it was the disk and returned it to the store. After that didnt work I ran check disk and bought a new external harddrive. I installed on the new hard drive with the new disk to have the same problem. This should have ruled out the disk being the problem and the harddrive being the problem. I then copied all the files to the new harddrive as suggested and suprise suprise no luck with that either. I then went to the EA download manager and downloaded the whole game. At this point I have not played the game but it did install without errors. So it may have been my DVDrom that was the problem. As i wrote before thoughtI havent played the game yet, so I will see.
edited October 2009
The only method that worked for me was using my mums really old laptop to rip 3 files to an external hard drive (FullBuild0, FullBuild1 and FullBuild3 - these are the files which seem to cause the probs) If you dont know where these are located..Click explore the disk in my computer, double click the 'GameData' folder, then 'Shared' then 'Packages'
If they copy successfully, you then copy the disk manually to your own laptop (as described by a few people previously) The only difference is you copy the contents of the 'packages' file from the external hard drive.
One this is completed you take the CD out, double click 'sims3setup' and the game will then install from the computers hard disk.
If you dont have access to a host computer and an external hard drive im at a loss im afraid
edited October 2009
I've just given up with this game tbh. I'm playing sims 2 until christmas when I get a macbook and it should install onto there. The only thing I think there is left for me to do is to buy a new DVD drive, but I sure as hell am not doing that.
But good luck to people who are still trying, hopefully it'll work eventually
edited October 2009
I didn't use a disc. I downloaded the game directly from EA and I STILL get the .cab error. So it's not a dirty disc, because there is no disc.
???
edited October 2009
Okay so I downloaded EADM and logged in but when i put in my product code it says 'the product code submitted is already used' - well obviously i used it when i tried to install the **** game from the disc.
What do I do?

Did you ever find out how to fix it? I got the same message. I have a feeling that I need to unregister completely from EA (if I can) and then re-register cuz then my code will not be in their system anymore.
edited November 2009
I have had a few problems loading Sims 3, and have managed to overcome them. Here's how it worked for me:
1. Tried to load from the DVD. Got the CRC Error at the Sunsetvalley.object stage.
2. Copied the DVD to the HD. Same error.
3. Downloaded the game from the EA Store. Same error.
(by now, I was thinking the problem was not one with the DVD - because the problem arose when installing the downloaded version as well).
4. Renamed the C:Program FilesCommon FilesInstallShield folder as InstallShieldOld.
5. Sims 3 then installed from the DVD - in part. It didn't stall at the Sunsetvalley.object stage, but did stall at the Fullbuild2.object stage - same CRC error message as before.
(Now I've decided that InstallShield was the original problem, but can't the source of this new problem).
6. Removed the DVD and cleaned it with paper towel dipped in vodka.
7. Tried to install again - it worked!
8. Run Sims 3. I've got v 1.00 from the disc, and immediately I'm prompted to get a patch.
9. Download the patch. InstallShield runs to install it, but then I get an error that the version of the game I have can't be established, so the upgrade stalls.
10. Hunted around and found a .rar patch checker. Ran that and found that one of my downloaded files from the disk had not copied properly.
11. Went back to the disk and copied the relevant file over to the relevant directory on the HD.
12. Downloaded the patch again. It installed and took me to v 1.46. It seems to work now.
Moral: there were at least two problems. First a conflict with InstallShield on my PC, and second a flakey DVD. The DVD had to be cleaned, and even then there seemed to be a copying error which wasn't apparent until the patch to v 1.46 was applied.
HTH someone.
edited November 2009
Frustrated!!!
I bought the Sims 3 on the 5th June and playing the game has been brilliant.
I am obsessed with the Sims ..
However, The Sims 3 expansion pack is coming out this friday and I am excited to play even more familys but I am not sure whether to buy it with my birthday money.
As simmers will know expansion packs are considerably dearer :roll: than the sims 2, especially for a 16 year old who doesn't earn yet.
I have bought many things from the store with my free £6 credit but can not download as an error pops up and the software update fails after 99%.
Any advice about buying the expansion pack? , help about the glitches :roll: (errors and updates!)?
HELP!!! will be very much appreciated
Hannah x
edited November 2009
Well, like the week after Sims 3 came out was the time I successfully installed Sims 3 onto my computer, I had to use EADM for it, but for my brother it easily worked.. I recently tried to install it again except I keep on trying and around 1/4's of the installation bar and it keeps on repeating that there's an error with E:/Cache/Sunset Valley.configCache (I don't fully remember it) the last time I tried installing it again was yesterday night, I kept on clicking Retry and when it got to almost the end, I didn't budge no more. With EADM I logged onto the EA Account I registered my Sims 3 code (I bought mine at Target) onto it and it said that it was already verified. What can I do now?
edited November 2009
OK I AM FIXED!
I dug and dug and found this - it worked for me
Reinstall the installation InstallShield software.
1.Click the Start button on the Windows Taskbar.
2.Select Run.
3.Type C:Program FilesCommon Files into the text box and click OK.
4.Right-click the InstallShield folder, and select Rename.
5.Change the name to InstallShieldOld.
6.Start the game installation again to reinstall the InstallShield components with the newest version.
FLAWLESS, Speedy install.
Again, this is what worked for ME - I hope it helps some others..

After having my suddenly corrupt hard drive replaced in my laptop which played the game perfectly fine before, I was suddenly having this CRC problem.
Well, I want to let you know this has (so far ) worked for me! Don't forget to try EVERYTHING before giving up on your game.

Going to try it out, I hope it works(:
edited November 2009
I've had this game since the day it came out. I managed to install it on both my old and new laptops without a problem. The old laptop plays the game a lot slower (maybe system requirements aren't quite up to scratch) and the new one was running great. Then the new laptop died 1 month after I got it (still haven't got it working again properly btw).
My sister and I have been trying to install it on her laptop, which definitely has the system requirements and my newer laptop. The redundancy check error has happened 80 odd times for each attempt to install. It makes progress in the installation (though I imagine it would be missing a lot of parts) and then it stops around the 70% mark. I don't think the CD is damaged (maybe a few minor scratches) and we've tried every solution on the board but no luck still. I only wish that the computers I actually could play this game on would install the game so I can play. I got all of 3 days at the very beginning and then all this s*** happened
edited November 2009
Like so many other people, I've been getting the crc error (fullbuild1.package)
I bought the game in June and it installed fine then. Recently, my game began to crash, so I uninstalled it. I also bought World Adventures. When I tried to reinstall Sims3, I'd get the crc error. I tried a lot of the methods and the safe mode one worked. However, when I tried to install WA that way, it too got the crc error. I've tried all of the methods on this forum and it still gets stuck on fullbuild1
I guess the thing that frustrates me most is that, even though I have fullbuild1 on my computer from the original game, it won't install from WA. Any help/ideas?
Edit: Amazingly, after about 2 hours, it finally did install
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Luckyss